SEC Filing | Chimerix, Inc.

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cmrx-20230331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-35867

CHIMERIX, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware						33-0903395
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2505 Meridian Parkway, Suite 100
Durham, North Carolina						27713
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(919) 806-1074

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	CMRX	The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer o						Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer ☒						Smaller reporting company ☒
						Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of April 28, 2023, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, was 88,583,567.

CHIMERIX, INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

INDEX


			Page
Part I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements			3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited)			3
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)			4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)			5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)			6
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)			7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			21
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			29
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			29
Part II — Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			30
Item 1A. Risk Factors			30
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			59
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			59
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			59
Item 5. Other Information			59
Item 6. Exhibits			60
Signatures			61

Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this prospectus, the terms “Chimerix,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Chimerix, Inc., a Delaware corporation. We have obtained a registered trademark for Chimerix® in the United States. All other trademarks or trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CHIMERIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,951	$	25,842
Short-term investments, available-for-sale	198,801		191,492
Accounts receivable	668		1,040

Prepaid expenses and other current assets	9,330		9,764
Total current assets	224,750		228,138
Long-term investments	31,322		48,626
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	267		227
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,848		1,964
Other long-term assets	346		386
Total assets	$	258,533	$	279,341

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,847	$	3,034
Accrued liabilities	13,584		17,381


Total current liabilities	16,431		20,415
Loan fees	125		250
Lease-related obligations	1,666		1,819
Total liabilities	18,222		22,484

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 88,583,567 and 88,054,127 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	89		88
Additional paid-in capital	975,254		970,535
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(231)		(337)
Accumulated deficit	(734,801)		(713,429)
Total stockholders’ equity	240,311		256,857
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	258,533	$	279,341

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CHIMERIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenues:

Contract and grant revenue	$	234	$	—
Licensing revenue	49		15
Total revenues	283		15
Cost of goods sold	—		114
Gross profit	283		(99)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	18,822		19,040
General and administrative	5,679		5,632

Total operating expenses	24,501		24,672
Loss from operations	(24,218)		(24,771)
Other income:

Interest income and other, net	2,846		4



Net loss	(21,372)		(24,767)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt investments, net	106		(52)
Comprehensive loss	$	(21,266)	$	(24,819)
Per share information:
Net loss, basic and diluted	$	(0.24)	$	(0.28)


Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	88,294,624		87,088,804

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CHIMERIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance, December 31, 2022	88,054,127	$	88	$	970,535	$	(337)	$	(713,429)	$	256,857
Share-based compensation	—	—		4,363		—		—		4,363

Employee stock purchase plan purchases	308,000	1		356		—		—		357
RSU stock issuance	221,440	—		—		—		—		—


Comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain on investments, net	—	—		—		106		—		106
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(21,372)		(21,372)
Total comprehensive loss										(21,266)
Balance, March 31, 2023	88,583,567	$	89	$	975,254	$	(231)	$	(734,801)	$	240,311


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance, December 31, 2021	86,884,266	$	87	$	953,782	$	(21)	$	(885,596)	$	68,252
Share-based compensation	—	—		3,708		—		—		3,708
Exercise of stock options	34,406	—		102		—		—		102
Employee stock purchase plan purchases	383,981	—		555		—		—		555
RSU stock issuance	133,527	—		—		—		—		—


Comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on investments, net	—	—		—		(52)		—		(52)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(24,767)		(24,767)
Total comprehensive loss										(24,819)
Balance, March 31, 2022	87,436,180	$	87	$	958,147	$	(73)	$	(910,363)	$	47,798

CHIMERIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(21,372)	$	(24,767)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment	22		24
Amortization of debt issuance costs	66		33
Amortization of discount/premium on investments	(2,096)		53
Share-based compensation	4,363		3,708




Gain on sale of investments	—		(1)

Lease-related amortization	(20)		63
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	371		—
Inventories	—		(646)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	441		(1,002)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and deferred revenue	(4,000)		(912)

Net cash used in operating activities	(22,225)		(23,447)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(62)		—

Purchases of short-term investments	—		(5,258)
Purchases of long-term investments	(6,803)		—
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments	—		7,699
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	19,000		51,026


Net cash provided by investing activities	12,135		53,467

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	—		102
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	356		556

Payments of debt issuance costs	(157)		(118)
Payment of note payable related to asset acquisition	—		(14,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	199		(13,460)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(9,891)		16,560
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period	25,842		15,397
End of period	$	15,951	$	31,957

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CHIMERIX, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 1. The Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Chimerix is a biopharmaceutical company whose mission it is to develop medicines that meaningfully improve and extend the lives of patients facing deadly diseases.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year, for any other interim period or for any future year.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of such instruments.

For assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, it is the Company’s policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. Fair value measurements for assets and liabilities where there exists limited or no observable market data are based primarily upon estimates and are often calculated based on the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other factors. Therefore, fair value measurements cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. Additionally, there may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the calculated current or future fair values. The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures.

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment. These levels are:

•Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.

•Level 2 — Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and models for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

There was no material re-measurement to fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. For additional information regarding the Company’s investments, please refer to Note 2, “Investments.”

Below are tables that present information about certain assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements
	March 31, 2023
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	13,272	$	13,272	$	—	$	—




Total cash equivalents	13,272		13,272		—		—
Short-term investments

U.S. treasury securities	60,747		26,463		34,284		—

Commercial paper	115,016		—		115,016		—
Corporate bonds	23,038		—		23,038		—
Total short-term investments	198,801		26,463		172,338		—
Long-term investments

U.S. treasury securities	31,322		10,278		21,044		—
Total long-term investments	31,322		10,278		21,044		—
Total assets	$	243,395	$	50,013	$	193,382	$	—

	Fair Value Measurements
	December 31, 2022
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	17,826	$	17,826	$	—	$	—

Commercial paper	4,998		—		4,998		—

Total cash equivalents	22,824		17,826		4,998		—
Short-term investments

U.S. treasury securities	38,094		25,271		12,823		—

Commercial paper	127,517		—		127,517		—
Corporate bonds	25,881		—		25,881		—
Total short-term investments	191,492		25,271		166,221		—
Long-term investments

U.S. treasury securities	48,626		11,685		36,941		—

Total long-term investments	48,626		11,685		36,941		—
Total assets	$	262,942	$	54,782	$	208,160	$	—

Inventories

The Company considers regulatory approval of product candidates to be uncertain and product manufactured prior to regulatory approval may not be sold unless regulatory approval is obtained. As such, the manufacturing costs for product candidates incurred prior to regulatory approval are not capitalized as inventory but are expensed as research and development costs. The Company begins capitalization of these inventory related costs once regulatory approval is obtained. The Company primarily uses actual costs to determine its cost basis for inventories.

On May 15, 2022, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the Asset Purchase Agreement) with an affiliate of Emergent BioSolutions Inc. (Emergent BioSolutions) for the sale of our exclusive worldwide rights to brincidofovir, including

TEMBEXA® and specified related assets (the Asset Sale). On September 26, 2022, we closed the Asset Sale with Emergent Biodefense Operations Lansing LLC (Emergent), an affiliate of Emergent BioSolutions.

Prior to the sale of TEMBEXA to Emergent, the Company’s inventory consisted of TEMBEXA, which was being manufactured for the treatment of smallpox for potential delivery to the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) for the U.S. government and to other government agencies. TEMBEXA was approved by the FDA on June 4, 2021, at which time the Company began to capitalize inventory costs associated with TEMBEXA. Prior to FDA approval of TEMBEXA, all costs related to the manufacturing of TEMBEXA were charged to research and development expense in the period incurred as there was no alternative future use.

The Company valued its inventories at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. The Company determined the cost of its inventories, which included amounts related to materials, manufacturing costs, shipping and handling costs on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Work-in-process included all inventory costs prior to packaging and labelling, including raw material, active product ingredient, and drug product. Finished goods included packaged and labelled products. Title to all inventory was transferred to Emergent upon the close of the Asset Sale.

Employee Retention Credit

Under the provisions of the extension of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act) passed by the United States Congress and signed by the President, the Company was eligible for a refundable employee retention credit subject to certain criteria. The Company recognized a $2.0 million employee retention credit during the three months ended September 30, 2022 related to labor costs recognized during 2020 and 2021, which is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, $1.5 million was recorded as a reduction to research and development expenses and $0.5 million was recorded as a reduction to general and administrative expenses. The Company has filed for refunds of the employee retention credits and as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, it has received $27,000 of refunds and cannot reasonably estimate when it will receive any or all of the remaining refunds.

Deferred Loan Costs

On January 31, 2022 (the Effective Date), the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the Loan Agreement), by and between the Company, as borrower, and Silicon Valley Bank, now a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as the lender (the Lender). The Loan Agreement provides for a four-year secured revolving loan facility (the Credit Facility) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million. Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company has no obligation to draw down any amount under the Credit Facility, and has not drawn down any amount as of March 31, 2023.

In September 2022, in connection with the Asset Sale, the Lender and the Company agreed to suspend the availability of future advances under the Loan Agreement until such time the parties mutually agree to amend the Loan Agreement to, among other things, adjust the borrowing base and reset the covenants.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility accrue interest at a floating per annum rate of the greater of (i) 1.50% above the Prime Rate (as defined below) and (ii) 4.75%. Prime Rate is defined as the rate of interest per annum published in The Wall Street Journal or any successor publication thereto as the “Prime Rate”. If such rate of interest from The Wall Street Journal becomes unavailable, the “Prime Rate” shall mean the rate of interest per annum announced by the Lender as its prime rate in effect. In each case, in the event such prime rate is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be zero for purposes of the Loan Agreement. The Company must also pay an unused line fee equal to 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the Credit Facility, payable quarterly in arrears. Upon the termination of the Loan Agreement for any reason prior to the Maturity Date, the Company will be required to pay to the Lender an early termination fee of $0.5 million. The Loan Agreement also requires the Company to pay the Lender a non-refundable commitment fee of $0.5 million, payable in four equal installments beginning on the Effective Date and each anniversary of the Effective Date thereafter until January 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has recorded current deferred loan costs of $0.1 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and non-current deferred loan costs of $0.3 million in other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a current loan fee liability of $0.2 million in accrued liabilities and a non-current loan fee liability of $0.1 million in loan fees on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued research and development expenses	$	7,936	$	6,691
Accrued compensation	3,348		6,438


Other accrued liabilities	2,300		4,252
Total accrued liabilities	$	13,584	$	17,381

Revenue Recognition

Policy

The Company’s revenues generally consist of (i) contract and grant revenue—revenue generated under federal and private foundation grants and contracts, (ii) licensing revenue—revenue related to non-refundable upfront fees, royalties and milestone payments earned under license agreements (iii) royalty revenue—revenue related to sales of TEMBEXA made by Emergent after the Asset Sale, and (iv) procurement revenue—revenue related to sales of TEMBEXA prior to the Asset Sale. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606 issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Following this accounting pronouncement, a five-step approach is applied for recognizing revenue, including (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.

On September 26, 2022, the Company completed the Asset Sale to Emergent of the Company’s exclusive worldwide rights to brincidofovir, including TEMBEXA® and specified related assets (the Asset Sale). Emergent paid the Company an upfront cash payment of approximately $238 million upon the closing of the Asset Sale. In addition, pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive from Emergent: (i) up to an aggregate of approximately $124 million in milestone payments payable upon the exercise of the options under the BARDA Agreement for the delivery of up to 1.7 million treatment courses of tablet and suspension formulations of TEMBEXA to the U.S. government; (ii) royalty payments equal to 15% of all gross profits associated with the sales of TEMBEXA made outside of the United States during the exclusivity period of TEMBEXA on a market-to-market basis; (iii) royalty payments equal to 20% of future gross profits of TEMBEXA made in the United States associated with volumes above 1.7 million treatment courses of therapy during the exclusivity period of TEMBEXA; and (iv) up to an additional $12.5 million upon the achievement of certain other developmental milestones.

The BARDA Agreement was novated to Emergent in December 2022. Under the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company recognized $0.2 million of contract revenue for expense reimbursement related to support provided to Emergent for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Grant Revenue

Grant revenue under cost-plus-fixed-fee grants from the federal government and private foundations is recognized as allowable costs are incurred and fees are earned. At March 31, 2023, the Company has a deferred revenue balance of $0.1 million related to these grants. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $30,000 of grant revenue and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized no grant revenue related to these grants.

Ohara Agreement

In 2019, Oncoceutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (Oncoceutics) which was subsequently acquired by the Company in January 2021, entered into a license, development and commercialization agreement with Ohara Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. for ONC201 in Japan. The Company is entitled to receive up to $2.5 million in nonrefundable regulatory milestone payments. The Company is entitled to double-digit tiered royalties based on the aggregate annual net sales of all products, as defined in the agreement, in Japan. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized approximately $58,000 and $15,000, respectively, of license revenue related to this agreement.

TEMBEXA Procurement Agreements Revenue and Royalty Revenue

In June 2022, the Company entered into the Supply Agreement and the PHAC Contract (as defined in Note 6 below), pursuant to which the Company was responsible for supplying TEMBEXA (brincidofovir) treatment courses for use outside of the United States. There are no material performance obligations outside of delivery in the agreements, therefore revenue related to these procurement agreements was recognized when the delivery performance obligation was satisfied. Revenue was recognized based on price per treatment course as outlined in the agreements. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $32.0 million of procurement revenue related to these agreements.

The remaining deliveries of treatment courses related to the PHAC Contract were delivered by Emergent and were subject to the royalty terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement applicable to gross profits outside the United States. The Company recognized approximately $0.4 million of royalty revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Research and Development Prepaids and Accruals

As part of the process of preparing financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligation under contracts with vendors and consultants and clinical site agreements in connection with its research and development efforts. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations which vary contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided to the Company under such contracts.

The Company’s objective is to reflect the appropriate research and development expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services and efforts are expended. The Company accounts for these expenses according to the progress of its research and development efforts. The Company determines prepaid and accrual estimates through discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress or state of communication of clinical trials, or other services completed. The Company adjusts its rate of research and development expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates. The Company makes estimates of its prepaid and accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial statements based on facts and circumstances known at that time. Although the Company does not expect its estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, its understanding of status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in the Company reporting amounts that are too high or too low for any particular period. Through March 31, 2023, there had been no material adjustments to the Company’s prior period estimates of prepaid and accruals for research and development expenses. The Company’s research and development prepaids and accruals are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the dilutive effects of non-vested restricted stock, stock options, and employee stock purchase plan purchase rights. Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the sum of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus the potential dilutive effects of non-vested restricted stock, stock options, and employee stock purchase plan purchase rights outstanding during the period calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method, but are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Because the impact of these items is anti-dilutive during the periods of net loss, there was no difference between basic and diluted loss per share of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In addition to estimates discussed in other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the most significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of stock options and the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segments

The Company operates in only one segment, pharmaceuticals.

Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables and available-for-sale debt securities. The new guidance was originally due to become effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2020, however the FASB in November 2019 issued ASU 2019-10 which moved the effective date for smaller reporting companies to the first quarter of 2023. The Company adopted ASU 2016-03 as of January 1, 2023. Given the nature of the Company’s receivables and investment portfolio, adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 2. Investments

The following tables summarize the Company’s debt investments (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	23,072	$	—	$	(34)	$	23,038

U.S. treasury securities	92,152		55		(138)		92,069
Commercial paper	115,130		9		(123)		115,016

Total investments	$	230,354	$	64	$	(295)	$	230,123

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	25,906	$	4	$	(29)	$	25,881
Commercial paper	127,657		36		(176)		127,517

U.S. treasury securities	86,892		7		(179)		86,720

Total investments	$	240,455	$	47	$	(384)	$	240,118

The following tables summarize the Company’s debt investments with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment type and the length of time that individual investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands, except number of securities):


	March 31, 2023
	Less than 12 Months				Greater than 12 Months				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Corporate bonds	$	23,038	$	(34)	$	—	$	—	$	23,038	$	(34)
Commercial paper	85,101		(123)		—		—		85,101		(123)
U.S. treasury securities	65,693		(138)		—		—		65,693		(138)

Total	$	173,832	$	(295)	$	—	$	—	$	173,832	$	(295)
Number of securities with unrealized losses			51				—				51

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				Greater than 12 Months				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss

Corporate bonds	$	22,905	$	(29)	$	—	$	—	$	22,905	$	(29)
Commercial paper	88,860		(176)		—		—		88,860		(176)
U.S. treasury securities	$	67,489	$	(179)	$	—	$	—	$	67,489	$	(179)

Total	$	179,254	$	(384)	$	—	$	—	$	179,254	$	(384)
Number of securities with unrealized losses			55				—				55

The Company invests in high credit quality investments in accordance with its investment policy, which is designed to minimize the possibility of loss. The objective of the Company’s investment policy is to ensure the safety and preservation of invested funds, as well as maintaining liquidity sufficient to meet cash flow requirements. The Company places its excess cash with high credit quality financial institutions, commercial companies, and government agencies in order to limit the amount of its credit exposure. In accordance with its policy, the Company is able to invest in marketable debt securities that may consist of U.S. Government and government agency securities, money market and mutual fund investments, certificates of deposits, municipal and corporate notes and bonds, and commercial paper, among others. The Company’s investment policy requires it to purchase high-quality marketable securities with a maximum individual maturity of two years and requires an average portfolio maturity of no more than 12 months. Some of the securities in which the Company invests may have market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, the Company schedules its investments with maturities that coincide with expected cash flow needs, thus avoiding the need to redeem an investment prior to its maturity date. Accordingly, the Company does not believe it has a material exposure to interest rate risk arising from its investments. Generally, the Company’s investments are not collateralized. The Company has not realized any significant losses from its investments.

The Company classifies all of its investments as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recognized in comprehensive loss, unless an unrealized loss is considered to be other than temporary, in which case the unrealized loss is charged to operations. The Company periodically reviews its investments for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates, among other things, the duration and extent to which the fair value of a security is less than its cost; the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto; and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it will more likely than not be required to sell, the security before recovery of its cost basis. The Company believes the individual unrealized losses represent temporary declines primarily resulting from interest rate changes. Unrealized gains and losses on debt investments are recorded to unrealized gain (loss) on debt investments, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Realized gains and losses on debt investments are recorded based on specific identification to interest income and other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Investments with original maturities at date of purchase beyond three months and which mature at or less than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as current investments. Investments with a maturity beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments. At March 31, 2023, the Company believes that the cost of its investments is recoverable in all material

respects. The Company recognizes interest income on an accrual basis in interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturity for the Company’s debt investments at March 31, 2023 (in thousands):


Maturing in one year or less	$	198,801
Maturing after one year through two years	31,322
Total debt investments	$	230,123

Note 3. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases its facilities under long-term operating leases that expire at various dates through 2026. The Company generally has options to renew lease terms on its facilities, which may be exercised at the Company’s sole discretion. In addition, certain lease arrangements may be terminated prior to their original expiration date at the Company’s discretion. The Company evaluates renewal and termination options at the lease commencement date to determine if it is reasonably certain to exercise the option and has concluded on all operating leases that it is not reasonably certain that any options will be exercised. The weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases as of March 31, 2023 was 3.34 years.

Expense related to leases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense under operating leases, including common area maintenance fees, totaled approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The discount rate implicit within the Company’s leases is generally not determinable and therefore the Company determines the discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date. As of March 31, 2023, the operating lease liabilities reflect a weighted-average discount rate of 7.89%.

The following table sets forth the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):


Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,848

Liabilities
Operating lease short-term liabilities (recorded within Accrued liabilities)	$	(590)
Operating lease long-term liabilities (recorded within Lease-related obligations)	(1,666)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(2,256)

Operating lease payments over the remainder of the lease terms are as follows (in thousands):


Years Ending December 31,	As of March 31, 2023


2023	555
2024	759
2025	781
2026	467
Total future minimum rental payments	$	2,562
Less amount of lease payments representing interest	306
Total present value of lease payments	$	2,256

As of December 31, 2022, operating lease payments over the remainder of the lease terms were as follows (in thousands):


Years Ending December 31,	As of December 31, 2022



2023	736
2024	759
2025	781
2026	467
Total future minimum rental payments	$	2,743
Less amount of lease payments representing interest	351
Total present value of lease payments	$	2,392

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company made lease payments of approximately $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Significance of Revenue Source

The Company was the recipient of federal research contract funds from BARDA, the primary source of the Company’s prior year contract and grant revenue. Periodic audits are required in connection with the Company’s receipt of such funds and certain costs may be questioned as appropriate by BARDA. Accordingly, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded a provision for potential refundable amounts of $52,000.

Note 4. Equity Transactions and Share-based Compensation

At-The-Market Equity Offering; Shelf Registration Statement

On August 10, 2020, we entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM (the Jefferies Sales Agreement) with Jefferies LLC, as agent, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, up to $75 million of shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2023, we have not sold any shares of our common stock under the Jefferies Sales Agreement.

On May 6, 2021, we filed an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which was subsequently amended in March 2022 to convert to a non-automatic shelf registration statement. This registration statement enables us to offer for sale, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $250 million in the aggregate, of common stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units, and will remain in effect for up to three years from the date it became effective. As of March 31, 2023, no sales have been made under the shelf registration statement.

Stock Options

The Company maintains a 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2013 Plan), which provides for the grant of incentive stock options (ISOs), non-statutory stock options (NSOs), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit (RSU) awards, performance-based stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation (collectively, stock awards), all of which may be granted to employees, including officers, non-employee directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates. Additionally, the 2013 Plan provides for the grant of performance cash awards. The number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance automatically increased on January 1, 2023, by 4% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or 3.5 million shares. As of March 31, 2023, there was a total of 3.0 million shares reserved for future issuance under the 2013 Plan. The Company issued no shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company issued approximately 34,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company maintains a 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), which provides for the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to the Company’s employees or to employees of any of its designated affiliates. The Company has reserved a total of 4.8 million shares of common stock to be purchased under the ESPP, of which 2.3 million shares remained available for purchase as of March 31, 2023. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance automatically increased on January 1, 2023, by an additional 422,535 shares.

The ESPP provides for an automatic reset feature to start participants on a new twenty-four month participation period in the event that the common stock market value on a purchase date is less than the common stock value on the first day of the twenty-four month offering period. Eligible employees may authorize an amount up to 15% of their salary to purchase common

stock at the lower of a 15% discount to the beginning price of their offering period or a 15% discount to the ending price of each six-month purchase interval. The Company issued approximately 308,000 and 384,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Compensation expense for shares purchased under the ESPP related to the purchase discount and the “look-back” option and were determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company has issued RSUs to certain employees which vest based on service criteria. When vested, the RSU represents the right to be issued the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that is equal to the number of RSUs granted. The grant date fair value for RSUs is based upon the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. The Company issued approximately 221,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the vesting of RSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company issued approximately 134,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the vesting of RSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Stock-based Compensation

For awards with only service conditions and graded-vesting features, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Total share-based compensation expense recognized related to stock options, the ESPP and RSUs was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Research and development expense	$	2,312	$	1,903
General and administrative expense	2,051		1,805
Total share-based compensation expense	$	4,363	$	3,708

In December 2022, the Company announced a reduction in workforce. As a result, certain vested stock options were modified to extend their exercise period from 90 days to 12 months. In addition, certain outstanding stock option and RSU grants received accelerated vesting as if the service period of the terminated employee continued for up to an additional 12-month period. The Company recorded expense ratably from the announcement date through the date of termination with approximately $0.4 million being recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and an additional $0.6 million being recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

In January 2023, the Company extended the post-termination exercise period from 90 days to three years for stock option grants made to non-employee members of our Board of Directors. This extension applies to all future grants as well as all then-outstanding grants. Related to this extension, the Company recorded approximately $0.3 million of expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Note 5. Income Taxes

The Company estimates an annual effective tax rate of 0.0% for the year ending December 31, 2023 as the Company incurred losses for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and is forecasting an estimated net loss for both financial statement and tax purposes for the year ending December 31, 2023. Therefore, no federal or state income taxes are expected and none have been recorded at this time. Income taxes have been accounted for using the liability method in accordance with FASB ASC 740.

Due to the Company's history of cumulative losses since inception, there is not enough evidence at this time to support that the Company will generate future income of a sufficient amount and nature to utilize the benefits of its net deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the deferred tax assets have been reduced by a full valuation allowance, since the Company cannot currently support that realization of its deferred tax assets is more likely than not. However, the Company feels its deferred tax assets may be used upon the Company becoming profitable.

At March 31, 2023, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized.

Note 6. Significant Agreements

BARDA 2022 Procurement and Development Contract

On August 26, 2022, the Company entered into a procurement contract, as amended, (the BARDA Agreement) with BARDA for the delivery of up to 1.7 million treatment courses of tablet and suspension formulations of TEMBEXA® to the U.S. government over a possible 10-year period. The BARDA Agreement consists of a five-year base period of performance and a total contract period of performance (base period plus option exercises) of up to ten years (if necessary). Under the terms of the BARDA Agreement, the base period activities are valued at approximately $127 million, consisting of an initial shipment of 319,000 treatment courses of TEMBEXA to be procured and shipped to the Strategic National Stockpile for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $115 million, and reimbursement for certain post-marketing activities of approximately $12 million. The options under the BARDA Agreement, which are exercised at the sole discretion of BARDA, are valued at approximately $553 million (if all such options are exercised during the 10-year contract period), which consists of options to purchase up to an additional 1.381 million treatment courses of TEMBEXA for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $551 million and funding for certain post-marketing activities of approximately $2 million.

In connection with the sale of the TEMBEXA franchise to Emergent, the BARDA Agreement was novated to Emergent in December 2022. In accordance with federal regulations, the terms of the novation agreement require that the Company guarantee the performance of all obligations transferred to Emergent should Emergent not have the ability to deliver on the terms of the BARDA Agreement. In this instance, BARDA may request that we perform the obligations in place of Emergent.

Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.

On September 26, 2022, the Company completed the Asset Sale to Emergent of the Company’s exclusive worldwide rights to brincidofovir, including TEMBEXA® and specified related assets (the Asset Sale). Emergent paid the Company an upfront cash payment of approximately $238 million upon the closing of the Asset Sale. In addition, pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive from Emergent: (i) up to an aggregate of approximately $124 million in milestone payments payable upon the exercise of the options under the BARDA Agreement for the delivery of up to 1.7 million treatment courses of tablet and suspension formulations of TEMBEXA to the U.S. government; (ii) royalty payments equal to 15% of the gross profits from the sales of TEMBEXA made outside of the United States; (iii) royalty payments equal to 20% of the gross profits from the sales of TEMBEXA made in the United States in excess of 1.7 million treatment courses; and (iv) up to an additional $12.5 million upon the achievement of certain other developmental milestones. The effects of recording certain adjustments associated with contingent consideration related to TEMBEXA have been excluded as the Company has made a policy election to account for these amounts when the contingency has been resolved in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 450, Contingencies.

The period under which the Company was contracted to provide the majority of operational support services to Emergent in furtherance of its obligations under the Asset Purchase Agreement and the BARDA Agreement concluded on March 26, 2023, except for certain services which the parties agreed would continue until the occurrence of a specific event, or in some cases a predetermined end date. The BARDA Agreement was novated to Emergent in December 2022. Under the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million of contract revenue for support provided for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The sale of TEMBEXA constitutes a significant disposition of a business, however, the Company determined the disposition did not represent a strategic shift, and accordingly, the Company did not account for the disposition as a discontinued operation. The Company recorded a $229.7 million net gain on sale of business in other income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the third quarter of 2022. The net gain consists of the following assets and liabilities transferred in accordance with the Asset Purchase Agreement (in thousands):


	As of September 26, 2022
Up-front cash payment	$	237,987
Liabilities assumed by Emergent	1,423
Inventory transferred to Emergent	(5,227)
Prepaids transferred to Emergent	(511)
Transaction costs incurred	(4,002)
Net gain	$	229,670

TEMBEXA Procurement Agreements

In June 2022, the Company entered into a Supply Agreement (the Supply Agreement) with a third-party outside of North America (the Purchaser), pursuant to which the Company was responsible for supplying to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser was responsible for purchasing from the Company, TEMBEXA treatment courses for use in a jurisdiction outside of the United States. Under the terms of the Supply Agreement, the Purchaser paid the Company an aggregate purchase price of approximately $9.3 million, in two equal installments in June and July 2022. The Company recognized $9.3 million of procurement revenue under the Supply Agreement for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Additionally, in June 2022, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) awarded a Contract (PHAC Contract) to the Company, pursuant to which PHAC agreed to purchase up to approximately USD $25.3 million (CAD $33.0 million) of TEMBEXA treatment courses for use in Canada. Substantially all of the procurement was delivered and accepted by PHAC in July 2022, completing the performance obligation for those shipments and resulting in $22.6 million of procurement revenue for the three months ended September 2022. Upon the assignment of the PHAC Contract to Emergent, which requires the consent of PHAC, if the remaining deliveries of treatment courses are made by Emergent, they will be subject to the royalty terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement applicable to gross profits outside the United States. PHAC assigned the PHAC Contract to Emergent in November 2022. The remaining deliveries of treatment courses were delivered by Emergent and are subject to the royalty terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement applicable to gross profits outside the United States. The Company recognized approximately $0.4 million of royalty revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Ohara Agreement

CR Sanjiu Agreement

In December 2020, Oncoceutics entered into a license, development and commercialization agreement with China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (CR Sanjiu). Oncoceutics granted CR Sanjiu an exclusive royalty bearing license to develop and commercialize ONC201 in China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (CR Sanjiu Territory). The Company is entitled to receive up to $5.0 million in nonrefundable regulatory milestone payments. The Company is entitled to double-digit tiered royalties based on the aggregate annual net sales of all licensed products, as defined in the agreement, in the CR Sanjiu Territory.

Note 7. DSTAT Contract Close-out

In May 2022, the Company made the decision to discontinue the development of DSTAT for the treatment of AML. Effective July 12, 2022, the Company terminated the License and Development Agreement with Cantex. As a result, the Company recorded an accrual of expenses to close-out the DSTAT vendor contracts. As of March 31, 2023, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the Company has recorded $1.1 million of contract close-out costs in accrued liabilities offset by a vendor credit of $0.1 million in accounts payable. These balances are expected to be fully paid over the first half of 2023.

The following table summarizes the contract close-out costs (in thousands) recorded in 2022:


	Contract Close-out Costs
Research & development	$	791
General & administrative	8
Total contract close-out expenses	$	799

The following table sets forth the accounts payable and accrual activity for contract close-out costs (in thousands) for 2022.


	Contract Close-out Costs
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	4,539
Revised estimates	(746)
Payments	(2,482)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,311

The following table sets forth the accounts payable and accrual activity for contract close-out costs (in thousands) for the three months ended March 31, 2023.


	Contract Close-out Costs
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,311
Revised estimates	10
Payments	(250)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,071

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the revised accrual estimates resulted in an increase to research and development expenses of $10,000.

Note 8. Restructuring Costs

In December 2022, the Company made the decision to restructure its operations, which included a reduction in workforce of 20 full-time employees. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded expense for one-time employee termination benefits of $1.9 million, which included a ratable share of the total stock compensation expense that resulted from the modifications of stock option agreements of employees. The total amount of stock compensation expense related to the reduction in workforce equals $1.0 million of which $0.4 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The following table summarizes the restructuring charges (in thousands) recorded for the three months ended December 31, 2022:


	Employee Termination Benefits
Research and development	$	1,768
General and administrative	86
Total restructuring expenses	$	1,854

The following table sets forth the accrual activity for employee termination benefits (in thousands) for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	Employee Termination Benefits
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,442
Revised estimates	(73)
Payments	(641)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	728

Note 9. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the issuance date of these financial statements to ensure that this filing includes appropriate disclosure of events both recognized in the financial statements as of March 31, 2023, and events which occurred subsequently but were not recognized in the financial statements.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 2, 2023. Past operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.

Forward-Looking Statements

The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks set forth in Part II, Item IA, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

Chimerix (Chimerix, we, our, us or the Company) is a biopharmaceutical company whose mission it is to develop medicines that meaningfully improve and extend the lives of patients facing deadly diseases. The Company is focused on developing imipridones as a potential new class of selective cancer therapies. The most advanced imipridone is dordaviprone (ONC201) which is in clinical-stage development for H3 K27M-mutant glioma as its lead indication. In addition, imipridone ONC206 is currently in dose escalating clinical trials.

Recent Developments

Dordaviprone, ONC201

Multiple Imipridone Datasets Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting

At the AACR annual meeting in April 2023, Chimerix and its collaborators presented multiple datasets related to the imipridone platform's potential. Key results presented by Dr. Carl Koschmann, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Michigan, demonstrated that H3 K27M-mutant glioma patients treated with ONC201 experienced a statistically significant reversal of the H3 K27 trimethyl-loss (H3 K27me3-loss) epigenetic signature throughout their tumor compared to patients who did not receive ONC201. Gliomas with the H3 K27M-mutation undergo H3 K27me3-loss, which is a negative prognostic variable among gliomas and thought to be a defining characteristic of the disease. Concordant findings were also reported in preclinical models that were mechanistically linked to specific metabolic changes induced in tumors by ONC201. Other presentations at the conference highlighted preclinical oncology studies related to the imipridone platform performed by Chimerix and collaborators at the Brown University Cancer Center. The ongoing Phase 3 ACTION Study, a global Phase 3 clinical trial of ONC201 in newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma, was also highlighted.

Phase 3 ACTION Study Continues - Enrollment Expanding into Europe with European Union (EU) Study Authorization

The Phase 3 ACTION trial is authorized in nine countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Israel and certain key markets across Western Europe. The trial is still on target to report interim overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) data in 2025 with final OS data expected in 2026. The ACTION trial enrolls patients shortly after they have completed front-line radiation therapy that is the standard of care for glioma. The study is designed to enroll 450 patients randomized 1:1:1 to receive ONC201 at one of two dosing frequencies or placebo. Participants will be randomized to receive either: (i) 625mg of ONC201 once per week (the Phase 2 dosing regimen), (ii) 625mg twice per week on two consecutive days or (iii) placebo. The study is open to pediatric and adult patients >10kg body weight and the dose will be scaled by body weight for patients weighing less than 52.5kg. Primary endpoints include OS and PFS. OS will be assessed for

efficacy at three alpha-allocated timepoints consisting of two interim assessments by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) at 164 events and 246 events, respectively, and a final assessment at 327 events. The final PFS analysis will be performed after 286 events, with progression assessed using response assessment in neuro-oncology-high grade glioma (RANO HGG) and response assessment in neuro-oncology-low grade glioma (RANO-LGG) criteria by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary endpoints include corticosteroid response, performance status response, change from baseline in quality of life (QoL) assessments and change from baseline in neurologic function as assessed by the Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) scale.

Our plan is to initiate a submission to regulators for approval upon receipt of positive overall survival data at either of the interim or the final overall survival analyses. The first submission for marketing authorization would likely be initiated in the US with submissions outside the US to follow. In addition, in the event the result of the progression free survival analysis is positive, we would discuss the potential for submission and approval of ONC201 with the regulatory authorities based on this data.

Early Pipeline Development – ONC206, ONC212 and CMX521

ONC206

ONC206 is a second generation, potentially differentiated imipridone DRD2 antagonist ad CLpP agonist, that has demonstrated monotherapy anti-cancer activity in pre-clinical models. ONC206 is currently being evaluated in Phase I dose escalation trials enrolling patients with advanced central nervous system tumors in partnership with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and with the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium (PNOC). In March 2023, the Company reported a finding of an investigator-assessed response that emerged during dose escalation in the PNOC study. The responder is a recurrent glioblastoma patient without the H3K27M-mutation who received monotherapy. ONC206 dose escalation is expected to be completed by the first half of 2024.

Preclinical work is ongoing that is designed to further elucidate the ONC206 mechanism of action, to identify potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers and assess the monotherapy efficacy profile of ONC206 in tumors that do not harbor the H3 K27M-mutation. These activities will inform data-driven clinical development plans.

ONC212

ONC212, which targets GPR132 and ClpP, has completed IND-enabling toxicology studies. ONC212 is being explored pre-clinically in collaboration with MD Anderson Cancer Center and Brown University.

CMX521

CMX521 is a nucleoside analog antiviral drug candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. CMX521 is not mutagenic, clastogenic, or associated with mitochondrial toxicity. In addition, oral CMX521 demonstrated a favorable profile in GLP toxicology studies and was well-tolerated up to 2,400 mg in a healthy volunteer Phase 1 study for a different indication.

Pursuant to a 2006 agreement between the Company and The Regents of the University of Michigan (UM), the Company obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to UM’s patent rights in certain inventions related to certain compounds originally synthesized at UM, including CMX521. Under the license agreement, the Company is permitted to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize products utilizing the UM Patent Rights, and to sublicense such rights subject to certain sublicensing fees and royalty payments.

We are currently working with the Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) for the development of CMX521 as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2. UNC which is the co-recipient of a grant for approximately $1.7 million from the state of North Carolina which will defray the majority of the costs on this effort. The grant will fund prodrug synthesis and animal studies to optimize delivery of CMX521 to the lungs via a convenient oral formulation. In addition, UNC will conduct COVID-19 disease mouse efficacy model studies and evaluate lung delivery of the active antiviral.

TEMBEXA (brincidofovir, BCV)

On September 26, 2022, we closed the Asset Sale with Emergent Biodefense Operations Lansing LLC (Emergent), upon which we received $238 million upfront and could receive additional milestones of up to $136.5 million to be paid contingent upon execution of optional future procurement awards from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and other development milestones. We are also entitled to earn a 20% royalty on future gross profit of TEMBEXA in the United States associated with volumes above 1.7 million treatment courses of therapy during the exclusivity period of

TEMBEXA. The agreement also allows us to earn a 15% royalty on all gross profit associated with TEMBEXA sales outside of the United States during the exclusivity period of TEMBEXA on a market-to-market basis.

Business Development Review

In addition to our prior business development transactions, management is continuing to conduct a review and assessment of potential transaction opportunities with the goal of building our product candidate pipeline, including, but not limited to, licensing, merger or acquisition transactions, or the license, purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at maximizing stockholder value. There can be no assurance that this review will result in the identification or consummation of any additional transaction or action.

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Revenues

To date, we have generated modest, non-recurring revenue from product sales. Prior to 2022, all of our revenue to date has been derived from government grants and a contract and the receipt of up-front proceeds under our collaboration and license agreements.

Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.

On September 26, 2022, the Company closed the previously disclosed Asset Sale with Emergent. Emergent paid the Company an upfront cash payment of approximately $238 million upon closing. In addition, pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive from Emergent: (i) up to an aggregate of approximately $124 million in milestone payments payable upon the exercise of the options under the BARDA Agreement; (ii) royalty payments equal to 15% of the gross profits from the sales of TEMBEXA made outside of the United States; (iii) royalty payments equal to 20% of the gross profits from the sales of TEMBEXA made in the United States in excess of 1.7 million treatment courses; and (iv) up to an additional $12.5 million upon the achievement of certain other developmental milestones.

The BARDA Agreement was novated to Emergent in December 2022. Under the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million of contract revenue for support provided for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

TEMBEXA Procurement Agreements

In June 2022, the Company entered into a Supply Agreement (the Supply Agreement) with a third-party outside of North America (the Purchaser), pursuant to which the Company was responsible for supplying to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser was responsible for purchasing from the Company, TEMBEXA treatment courses for use in a jurisdiction outside of the United States. Under the terms of the Supply Agreement, the Purchaser paid the Company an aggregate purchase price of approximately $9.3 million, in two equal installments in June 2022 and July 2022. The Company recognized $9.3 million of procurement revenue under the Supply Agreement for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Additionally, in June 2022, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) awarded a Contract (the PHAC Contract) to the Company, pursuant to which PHAC agreed to purchase up to approximately $25.3 million (CAD $33.0 million) of TEMBEXA treatment courses for use in Canada. Substantially all of the procurement was delivered and accepted by PHAC in July 2022, completing the performance obligation for those shipments and resulting in $22.6 million of procurement revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022. PHAC assigned the PHAC Contract to Emergent in November 2022. The remaining deliveries of treatment courses were delivered by Emergent and were subject to the royalty terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement applicable to gross profits outside the United States. The Company recognized approximately $0.4 million of royalty revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Research and Development Expenses

Since our inception, we have focused our resources on our research and development activities, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings for our product candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Costs for certain development

activities are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information and data provided to us by our vendors. We cannot determine with certainty the duration and completion costs of the current or future clinical studies of any product candidates. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of:

•fees paid to consultants and contract research organizations (CROs), including in connection with preclinical and clinical trials, and other related clinical trial fees, such as for investigator grants, patient screening, laboratory work, clinical trial database management, clinical trial material management and statistical compilation and analysis;

•salaries and related overhead expenses, which include stock option, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase program compensation and benefits, for personnel in research and development functions;

•payments to third-party manufacturers, which produce, test and package drug substance and drug product (including continued testing of process validation and stability);

•costs related to legal and compliance with regulatory requirements; and

•license fees for and milestone payments related to licensed products and technologies.

The table below summarizes our research and development expenses for the periods indicated (in thousands). Our direct research and development expenses consist primarily of external costs, such as fees paid to investigators, consultants, central laboratories and CROs, in connection with our clinical trials, preclinical development, and payments to third-party manufacturers of drug substance and drug product. We typically use our employee and infrastructure resources across multiple research and development programs.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Direct research and development expenses	$	11,260	$	11,344
Research and development personnel costs - excluding stock-based compensation	4,518		5,328
Research and development personnel costs - stock-based compensation	2,312		1,903
Indirect research and development expenses	732		465
Total research and development expenses	$	18,822	$	19,040

The successful development of product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of any product candidates or the period, if any, in which material net cash inflows from any product candidates may commence. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our business, as detailed in Part II, Item IA, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC.

Imipridones Program

In January 2021, we acquired Oncoceutics. As we continue to develop and prepare ONC201 for U.S. regulatory approval, we expect to incur significant research and development expense. We also plan to incur development expenses in connection with the continued development of other imipridone compounds, including ONC206 and ONC212.

TEMBEXA (Brincidofovir, BCV)

We developed TEMBEXA for the treatment of smallpox. FDA marketing approval for TEMBEXA was received on June 4, 2021. Under our February 2011 cost-plus-fixed fee development contract with BARDA, we incurred expenses in connection with the development of orthopoxvirus animal models, the demonstration of efficacy and pharmacokinetics of TEMBEXA in the animal models, the conduct of clinical studies for subjects with DNA viral infections, the manufacture and process validation of bulk drug substance and TEMBEXA 100 mg tablets and TEMBEXA 10 mg/mL oral suspension, and submission of the NDAs to the FDA. In addition, we have incurred additional supportive costs for the development of TEMBEXA for smallpox that we did not seek reimbursement for from BARDA. We have incurred costs related to the manufacturing of TEMBEXA for a procurement contract. These costs were expensed as incurred until the June 2021 FDA approval. Following the approval, costs related to the manufacturing of TEMBEXA are recorded and shown as inventories on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. With the sale of TEMBEXA to Emergent all inventory, prepaids and liabilities associated with TEMBEXA were transferred to Emergent as part of the transaction.

Dociparstat Sodium (DSTAT)

Given our previously announced decision to stop development of DSTAT, we are currently in the process of closing our Phase 3 DASH AML trial, and have $1.1 million of accounts payable and contract close-out accruals as of March 31, 2023. We expect the close-out activities related to this program to extend through mid-2023.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs for employees in executive, finance, commercial, investor relations, information technology, legal, human resources and administrative support functions, including share-based compensation expenses and benefits. Other significant general and administrative expenses include costs related to accounting and legal services, costs of various consultants, director and officer liability insurance, occupancy costs and information systems.

Interest Income and Other, Net

Interest income and other, net consists primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments.

Share-based Compensation

The Financial Accounting Standards Board authoritative guidance requires that share-based payment transactions with employees be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period. Total consolidated share-based compensation expense of $4.4 million and $3.7 million was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The share-based compensation expense recognized included expense for stock options, RSUs and employee stock purchase plan purchase rights.

We estimate the fair value of our share-based awards to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes pricing model. This estimate is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions including the expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected rate of forfeiture and the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

For performance-based RSUs, we begin to recognize the expense when it is deemed probable that the performance-based goal will be achieved. We evaluate the probability of achieving performance-based goals on a quarterly basis.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results and experiences may differ materially from these estimates. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary if new accounting standards are enacted that are applicable to our business.

We discussed accounting policies and assumptions that involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023. There have been no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2023 to our critical accounting policies, significant judgments and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, together with the changes in those items (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Dollar Change		% Change
	2023		2022		Increase/(Decrease)
Revenues:

Contract and grant revenue	$	234	$	—	234		*
Licensing revenue	49		15		34		226.7	%
Total revenues	283		15		268		1,786.7	%
Cost of goods sold	—		114		(114)		(100.0)	%
Gross profit	283		(99)		382		(385.9)	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	18,822		19,040		(218)		(1.1)	%
General and administrative	5,679		5,632		47		0.8	%

Total operating expenses	24,501		24,672		(171)		(0.7)	%
Loss from operations	(24,218)		(24,771)		553		(2.2)	%
Other income:

Interest income and other, net	2,846		4		2,842		71,050.0	%



Net loss	$	(21,372)	$	(24,767)	$	3,395	(13.7)	%

*Not meaningful or not calculable

Contract, Licensing, Procurement Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, total revenue increased to $0.3 million compared to $15,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $0.3 million is primarily related to the reimbursable operational support provided to Emergent under the Asset Purchase Agreement.

Research and Development Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our research and development expenses decreased to $18.8 million compared to $19.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease of $0.2 million primarily related to the following:

•a decrease of $1.7 million in DSTAT development costs related to the discontinuation of the DSTAT program;

•a decrease of $0.4 million in compensation expenses; offset by

•an increase of $2.1 million related to ONC201 research and development expenses, primarily in start-up expenses related to the ACTION Phase 3 study of ONC201.

General and Administrative Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our general and administrative expenses increased to $5.7 million compared to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Interest Income and Other, Net

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our interest income and other, net increased to $2.8 million compared to $4,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase is primarily attributable to interest earned on higher cash balances.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of March 31, 2023, we had capital available to fund operations of approximately $246.1 million. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with our investment policy, primarily with a view to liquidity and capital

preservation. We have incurred losses since our inception in 2000 and as of March 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $734.8 million. We may continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. The size of our losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future expenditures and our ability to generate revenues.

On August 10, 2020, we entered into the Jefferies Sales Agreement with Jefferies LLC, as agent, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, up to $75 million of shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2023, we have not sold any shares of our common stock under the Jefferies Sales Agreement.

On May 6, 2021, we filed an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC (the 2021 Shelf Registration Statement), which was subsequently amended in March 2022 to convert it to a non-automatic shelf registration statement that we are eligible to use. The amendment to the 2021 Shelf Registration Statement to convert to a non-automatic shelf registration statement. This registration statement enables us to offer for sale, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $250 million in the aggregate, of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units, and will remain in effect for up to three years from the date it initially became effective. As of March 31, 2023, no sales have been made under the 2021 Shelf Registration Statement.

On January 31, 2022, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the Loan Agreement) with Silicon Valley Bank, now a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as the lender (the Lender). The Loan Agreement provides for a four-year secured revolving loan facility (the Credit Facility) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million. Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. We have no obligation to draw down any amount under the Credit Facility, and have not drawn down any amount as of December 31, 2022. In September 2022, in connection with the Asset Sale, the Lender and the Company agreed to suspend the availability of future advances under the Loan Agreement until such time the parties mutually agree to amend the Loan Agreement to, among other things, adjust the borrowing base and reset the covenants.

We cannot assure that adequate funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any additional equity financings will be dilutive to our stockholders and any additional debt may involve operating covenants that may restrict our business. If adequate funds are not available through these means, we may be required to curtail significantly one or more of our research or development programs, and any launch and other commercialization expenses for any of our products that may receive marketing approval. We cannot assure you that we will successfully develop or commercialize our products under development or that our products, if successfully developed, will generate revenues sufficient to enable us to earn a profit.

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments will enable us to fund our current operating expenses and capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, changing circumstances beyond our control may cause us to consume capital more rapidly than we currently anticipate.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the significant sources and uses of cash for the period (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash sources and uses:
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(22,225)	$	(23,447)
Net cash provided by investing activities	12,135		53,467
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	199		(13,460)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(9,891)